Senses:ENT & Facial Plastic Surgery Centre

Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsillar parenchyma.  It can be follicular, parenchymatous. It can be acute or chronic.Treatment is by  Beatdine gargles, antiobiotics, and anti-inflammatory agents. If it is chronic  tonsillitis i.e recurrent episodes of tonsillits which is more than 7  episodes/year or 5 episodes each year for 2 consecutive yearsr 3 episodes for 3  years then treatment is by tonsillectomy.

Quinsy is formation of abscess adjacent to the tonsill. there is severe pain while swallowing, fever and malaise. The treatment is incision and drainage. Thereafter systemic antiobiotics are given along with 
betadine gargles and anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretics for abot 5-7 days.

 
Thyroid swelling can be either hypothyroid or 
hyperthyroid. these states first are to be made euthyroid by medical management.any persistent thyroid sweeling thereafter if given cosmetic or 
symptomatic dycomfort is to be removed to a varying extent. It is always to be ruled out whetherthe swelling is a malignancy.


 

Throglossal cyst occurs due to collection of fluid or pus in the  remnant of the thyroglossal duct. It is a comparatively rare condition.  treatment is by
sistrunk's operation. i.e. complete excision of the cyst along  with the thyroglossal tract. It is never to be incised.

BL Vocal cord paralysis is a condition in
which  there is svere obstruction for breathing. This occurs because both the vocal  folds lie in the median position and there is no space for air to pass
below.  The voice is typically good. The condition can present as an emergency and  sometimes may demand an urgent tracheostomy. The definitive treatment to this is  endoscopic UL aryetenoidectomy and cordotomy.

 UL Vocal cord paralysis is a very much underdiagnosed condition. It presents as an unremitting hoarseness for a long treatment not 
responding to treatment.Mny a times there an underlying pathology for this condition like mediastinal lymph nodes, mediastinal shift, mediastinal tumours, skull base tumours etc. Sometimes the symptoms can resolve by speech therapy for  over 2 months. Otherwise the definitive treatment for this condition is medialization thyroplasty or endosocpic vocal cord medialization 
procedures.

 Vocal cord cyst is a condition in which there is a
cystic  collection over the free edge of the vocal fold.A normal free edge of vocal fold  is very necessary for good voice. Therfore in this condition there is a hoarse  voice which is not responding to treatment. Most commonly it occurs in those  with voal abuse like in teachers, rock singers etc. The condition responds well  to voice rest and speech therapy with steroids. If not then thye cyst has to be  removed with endosocpic assistance and microflap technique. This gives a very  good voice.

Subglottic Stenosis  can be a rapidly fatal condition if not attended to urgently. This is a  conditio0n where there is a narrowing of the laryn x and sometimes trachea below  the vocal folds. the reason most of the times a prolonged entubation for any  reason. It can also be due to laryngeal trauma of any type. the symptoms are  stridor i.e. difficulty in breathing with a typical noisy breathing.The condition has to be treated urgently either with endoscopic dilatation or 
resection and end-to-end anastomosis.

Croup is a condition characteristically occuring in children . there is a brassy quality to  cough with breathing difficulty. Usually respond sto medical amanagement. Diptheria is now rare after vaccination. treatment is by penicillin.
Pseudocroup  is a bit severe condition than croup occurs due to bacterial infection.  Epiglottitis can present as an emergency. Immediate admission,
intubation , and  medical management usually suffices.